Electric load curve: The electric load at the power stations varies with time, So a curve is drawn between the electric load and the time to find the variable electric load at a power station in time. This curve is known as electric load curve.
At the time of drawing the electric load curve, the electric load is displays on the vertical axis (y-axis) and the time on the horizontal axis (x-axis).
According to time the electric load curve has following three types:
1.Daily electric load curve: This curve is drawn between daily (24 hours) load and time (24 hours). This curve helps to find daily average load.
2.Monthly electric load curve: This curve is drawn between monthly (per days load) load and time (monthly). With the help of daily average load curve, we can draw monthly average electric load curve.
3.Yearly electric load curve: This curve is drawn between yearly (per month loads) and time (yearly). With the help of monthly average load curve, we can draw yearly average electric load curve.
Advantages of electric load curve:
With the help of this curve we can find the electric load at different time.
Electric load curve (Daily) - With the help of electric load, we can find the values of peak electric load, mean electric load and minimum electric load at generating stations or sub - substations.
- From this curve, the value of the production or expenditure of the entire electrical energy for a given time is known.
- From this curve, the ratio of the average electric load and the highest electric load is known, which is known as electric load factor.
- Variable electric load: If the load on electric system changes with time than this type of load is known as variable electric load.
- Constant electric load: If the load on electric system does not change with time, than this type of load is known as constant electric load.
- Base electric load: A certain amount of minimum electric load that always available on a power plant is called base electric load.
- Peak electric load: The highest value of variable load is called peak electric load. The peak load is shown in the electric load curve. With the help of this value, we determine the capacity of the plant. The peak electric load duration is at least 30 minutes.
- Minimum electric load: A low value of variable electric load is called a minimum electric load. This affects the capacity of the base load plant. Its duration is at least 30 minutes.
- Average electric load: It is the ratio of total electrical energy produced to the time. Its unit is watts or kilowatts. It is mainly expressed with time such as daily, monthly and annual average electric load etc.
For example: A house is equipped with a 60 watt fan, 1050 watt AC, two 20 watt tube lights, and a 100 watt refrigerator, then we can find the connected load by summing the ratings of all these equipment.
Connected electric load = 60 + 1050 + 40 + 100
= 1250 Watt
3.Demand: The demand of electric power of electric consumers is called demand. Its unit is watt, kilowatt or kilo-volt ampere.
4.Maximum Demand: When all connected loads are run for a certain interval of time, then adding the rating of all the equipment at this time will be called maximum demand for the power system.
→This interval of time may be in hours, a day, a month etc.
Conclusion: Electric load curve is very useful curve that gives different type of data like energy consume, energy produce, maximum demand of system, average load of electric system etc. So, it is necessary to draw load curve in every electric system where large amount of energy generate or consume like generation station, sub - station, factory etc.
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